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Waves of Migration
P A G E 2
In Russia, Jews were denied economic opportunities and were subject to campaigns of terror.
The Russian Jews who came to Minnesota between 1881 and 1924 had endured political and religious repression, but worst of all were the pogroms — violent attacks against Jewish communities that the government ignored, if not encouraged.
top photo: Survivors of a pogrom in the Ukraine, about 1919. Courtesy of the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, New York.
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