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Jewish Working Women
P A G E 2
Farming and figuring
Some Jewish women took on new challenges to help support their families. Many homesteaded in the Dakotas, working alongside their husbands, clearing land, shocking wheat, and feeding harvest crews. Meanwhile, mothers living in towns took in boarders, while their daughters began moving into white-collar jobs in stores and offices.
top photo: Members of the Abe Calof family on their farm, Devils Lake, North Dakota, about 1910. Courtesy of the Jewish Historical Society of the Upper Midwest.
inset photo: A phone, a pencil, and a smile, St. Paul, MN, about 1940. Mary Esther Smith juggled clerical and sales duties at St. Paul’s Universal Photography Studio. Courtesy of the Jewish Historical Society of the Upper Midwest.
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